The collision of this oceanic and continental plate was how the Andes Mountains were formed.

[12] Seafloor topography plays some role in accretion, especially emplacement of igneous crust.[13]. Convergent boundaries can occur between Here the Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the So…

This was formed when magma piled up near the surface but failed to burst through forcing it to create a huge dome near the surface which exerted trumendous force on the crust and pulled it apart. An oceanic trench, the Mariana Trench, is the deepest point of the ocean at a depth of approximately 11,000 m (36,089 ft). The Nazca Plate is moving eastwards, towards the South American Plate, at about 79mm per year. The Himalayas between India and China is a good example which was formed when a fast moving Indian sub-continent rammed into the Eurasian plate millions of years ago. This water reduces the melting temperature of rocks in the asthenosphere and causes partial melting. The first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. In some instances, initial convergence with another plate will destroy oceanic lithosphere, leading to convergence of two continental plates. On the inner walls of trenches, compressional faulting or reverse faulting occurs due to the relative motion of the two plates. He’s written for a variety of outlets, including Earth Touch News, RootsRated, Backpacker, Terrain.org, and Atlas Obscura, and is presently working on a field guide.

Anak Krakatau volcano situated between the Indonesians Islands of Java and Sumatra (Google Maps), 3D view of the Caribbean Islands (Wikipedia Commons), The Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles Island Arcs (Map from Google Earth), Islands in the Lesser Antilles Island Arcs (Map from Google Earth), Plates in the region of Isthmus of Panama. A deep narrow depression known as an Oceanic Trench is formed by the bend of the oceanic plate, for example the Peru-Chile Trench in the west of S. America.

This process is also known as ridge-push slab-pull. Rain, snow, rivers, glaciers, animals, plant roots and earthquakes all play a role in the breakdown and transportation of rocks downhill at convergent plate boundaries. Movement of the plates is driven by convection in the asthenosphere and lower mantle, which are softer and warmer than the lithosphere and can flow on geologic timescales.

As the subducting oceanic slab heads deeper into the mantle, pressure and temperature begin to increase.

As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres closer to the Earth’s centre than the Challenger Deep seafloor. The 2011 tsunami off the coast of Japan, which caused 16,000 deaths and did US$360 billion in damage, was caused by a magnitude 9 earthquake along the convergent boundary of the Eurasian plate and Pacific Plate. Note how Japan is located where the Pacific Plate and Eurasian plate are colliding. The Mariana trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the centre of the Earth. The northern part of the Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American Plate, and the result is the formation of the Aleutian Islands. The North and South American plates continued to move westward past the Caribbean Plate. Earthquakes are common along convergent boundaries. The Washington-Oregon coastline of the United States is an example of this type of convergent plate boundary. Subduction initiates as oceanic lithosphere slides beneath continental crust. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Both dehydration and partial melting occurs along the 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) isotherm, generally at depths of 65 to 130 km (40 to 81 mi).[4][5]. The relatively cold and dense subducting plates are pulled into the mantle and help drive mantle convection.[6]. Eventually one plate, usually the denser, older, thinner plate, gives and ends up subducting beneath the thicker, more buoyant plate.

Convection is fueled by heat generated from the radioactive decay of elements in the Earth.

Extensional forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fissure. Earthquakes are less pronounced as there is no collision involved. What did one tectonic plate say when she ran into another tectonic plate? Constant volcanism above the subduction zone creates layers of rocks. [7] Evidence of this continental rebound include ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks which form at depths of 90 to 125 km (56 to 78 mi) that are exposed at the surface.[8]. We have a new and improved read on this topic. Examples in the World Another example of the oceanic-continental convergent boudaries is the Washington-Oregon coastline of the US. Convergent boundary types include oceanic/oceanic, oceanic/continental and continental/continental. At ocean-continent convergent boundaries, the denser, thinner oceanic plate will subduct beneath the thicker, more buoyant continental plate. Instead of sinking, the plates wedge up to form mountains.

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